• CLR: Common Language Runtime 
• DBMS: Database Management System 
• RDBMS: Relational Database Management System 
• OSI : Open System Interconnection 
• TCP : Transmission control  Protocol 
• IP : Internet Protocol 
• DLL : Data Link Layer 
• VB : Visual Basic 
• GUI : Graphical User Interface 
• PC: Personal Computer 
• HTML : Hypertext Markup Language 
• XML : Extended Markup Language 
• ASP : Active Server Pages 
• ADO : Active Data Objects 
• URL : Universal Resourse Locator 
• UDP : User Datagram Protocol 
• MDI : Multiple Document Interface 
• JIT : Just In Time 
• COM : Component Object Model 
• NT : New Technology 
• RAM : Rendom Access Memory 
• ROM : Read Only Memory 
• CD : Compact Disc 
• DVD : Digital Versatile Disc 
• DNS : Domain Name Service
•  ORB: Object Relational Bridge 
• COBRA: Common Object Request Broker Architechture 
• J2EE: Java 2 Enterprise Edition 
• J2SE: Java 2 Standard Edition 
• SQL: Structured Query Language 
• LDAP: LightWeight Directory Access Protocol 
• NTFS: New Technology File System 
• DAO: Data Access Objects 
• JDO: Java Data Objects 
• JSP: Java Server Pages 
• ICMP: Internet Controlled Message Protocol 
• IGMP: Internet Group Message Protocol 
• PHP: (Recursive acronyme)PHP Hypertext Preprocessor 
• EJB: Enterprise Java BEans http: hyper text transfer protocol 
• ftp: file transfer protocol 
• smtp: simple  mail transfer protocol
• ERP : Enterprise Resourse Planning 
• CRM : Customer Relationship Management 
• UDP : User Datagram Protocol 
• URI : Universal Resource Indicator 
• IE : Internet Explorer 
• IIS : Internet Information Server 
• FIFO : First In First Out 
• LIFO : Last In First Out 
• SNMP: Simple Network Managment Protocol 
• FTP: File Transfer Protocol 
• PING: Packet Internet Gopher
• POP: Post Office Protocol 
• IMAP: Internet Message Application Protocol 
• GIF: Graphic Interchange Format 
• PNG: Portable network Graphics 
• MPEG: Motion Pictures Experts Group
• OOP : object Oriented Programming 
• NTD : No Touch Deployment 
• IL : Intermediate Language 
• GAC : Global Assembly Cache 
• DLL : Dynamic Link Library 
• ANSI : American National Standards Institute 
• DHTML : Dymamic Hypertext Markup Language 
• GDI : Graphical Device Interface 
• GUID : Globally Unique Identifier
• RFC : Request For Comment 
• SMPS: Switch Mode Power Supply 
• ALU: Arithmetic Logic Unit 
• API: Application Programming Interface 
• JVM: Java Virtual Machine 
• MVC: Model View Controller 
• DSP: Digital Signal Processing
• 
  
• ODBC: Open Database Connectivity 
• AWT: Abstract Window ToolKit 
• TDD: Test Driven Development
• DOM : Document Object Model 
• SDI : Single Document Interface 
• SOAP : Simple Object Access Protocol 
• SSL : Secure Socket Layer 
• UPN : User Principal Name 
• DML : Data Manipulation Language 
• DDL : Data Defination Language ASP-Active Server Pages 
• DHTML-Dynamic Hyper Text Markup Lnguage 
• CSS-Cascading Style Sheet 
• ORDBMS-Object-Oriented Relational Database Managament System 
• ADT Application Data Types 
• ADU Automatic Dialing Unit 
• AE Above or Equal 
• AEB Analog Expansion Bus [Dialogic] 
• AF Auxiliary carry Flag 
• AFA Accelerated File Access 
• AFC Automatic Font Change + Automatic Frequency Control 
• AFD Automatic File Distribution 
• AFII Association for Font Information Interchange 
• AFIRM Automated Fingerprint Image Reporting and Match 
• AFIS Automated Fingerprint Identification System 
• .AFM Adobe Font Metrics (file name extension) 
• [Adobe Systems] 
• AFP Appletalk Filing Protocol [Macintosh] 
• AFS Andrew File System (protocols) 
• AFTP Anonymous File Transfer Protocol 
• AGC Automatic Gain Control 
• AGRAS Antiglare-Antireflective-Antistatic 
• AGU Address-Generation Unit 
• AI Analog Input + Artificial Intelligence 
• AIA Applications Integration Architecture [DEC] 
• AIC AIXwindows Interface Composer [IBM] 
• AIF Audio Interchange Format 
• AIIM Association for Information and Image Management 
• AIN Advanced Intelligent Network [Bell Atlantic] 
• AIS Automated Identification System [NCIC] 
• AISB Association of Imaging Service Bureaus 
• AISP Association of Information Systems Professionals 
• AIX Advanced Interactive Executive [IBM] 
• ALC Arithmetic and Logic Circuits + 
• Automatic Level Control 
• ALE Address Latch Enable 
• ALGOL Algorithmic Oriented Language (see IAL) 
• ALIBI Adaptive Location of Internetworked Bases 
• of Information 
• ALINK Active Link [HTML] 
• ALIWEB Archie Like Indexing in the Web [Internet] 
• ALN Asynchronous Learning Network 
• ALR Advanced Logic Research, Inc. 
• ALT Alternate (mode) 
• ALT. Alternate lifestyle [USENET Newsgroup Category] 
• ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit 
• AMANDDA Automated Messaging and Directory Assistance 
• AMD Active Matrix Display + 
• Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. 
• AMI American Megatrends, Inc. 
• AMMA Advanced Memory Management Architecture 
• [Everex Systems] 
• AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service 
• ANCOVA Analysis of Covariance 
• ANDF Architecture-Neutral Distribution Format 
• ANI Automatic Number Identification 
• .ANI Animated Cursor (file name extension) [Microsoft] 
• ANN Artificial Neural Network 
• .ANN Annotations (file name extension) [IBM] 
• ANOVA Analysis Of Variance 
• ANSI American National Standards Institute 
• AO Analog Output 
• AOCE Apple Open Collaboration Environment 
• AOE Application Operating Environment [AT&T] 
• AOL America Online 
• AOS Add Or Subtract 
• ISP: internet service provider
• JSP: Java Server Pages
• AA Auto Answer 
• AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting 
• AAB All-to-All Broadcast 
• AAC Advanced Audio Coding 
• AAL Asynchronous Transfer Mode Adaption Layer 
• AAM Automatic Acoustic Management 
• AAP Applications Access Point [DEC] 
• AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol 
• AAS All-to-All Scatter 
• AASP ASCII Asynchronous Support Package 
• AAT Average Access Time 
• AATP Authorized Academic Training Program [Microsoft] 
• .ABA Address Book Archive (file name extension) [Palm] 
• ABC * Atanasoff-Berry Computer (First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes) 
• ABEND Abnormal End 
• ABI Application Binary Interface 
• ABIOS Advanced BIOS 
• ABIST Automatic Built-In Self-Test [IBM] 
• ABLE Adaptive Battery Life Extender 
• ABM Asynchronous Balanced Mode 
• ABR Available Bit Rate 
• ABRD Automatic Baud Rate Detection 
• ABRS Automated Book Request System [British Library] 
• ABS Address Book Synchronization [IBM] + Absolute ABT Abort 
• ABTS ASCII Block Terminal Services 
• AC Autocheck + Automatic Computer + Alternating Current 
• ACAP Application Configuration Access Protocol 
• ACC Accumulator 
• ACCMAIL Accessing the Internet Via Email 
• ACD Automatic Call Distribution 
• ACDI Asynchronous Communications Device Interface 
• ACE Access Control Encryption/Entry + Adobe Certified Expert + Advanced Computing Environment [SCO] + Adverse Channel Enhancements [Microcom] + * Automatic Computing Engine 
• ACF Access Control Field + Advanced Communications Function 
• ACH Automated Clearing House 
• ACIAS Automated Calibration Interval Analysis System 
• ACIS American Committee for Interoperable Systems 
• ACK Acknowledgment 
• ACL Access Control List + Asynchronous Connection-Less (link) 
• ACM Association for Computing Machinery 
• Audio Compression Manager [Microsoft] 
• ACMS Application Control Management System 
• ACP Ancillary Control Program + Auxiliary Control Process 
• ACPI Advanced Configuration and Power Interface 
• ACR Allowed Cell Rate 
• ACROSS Automated Cargo Release and Operations 
• Service System 
• ACS Access + Access Control Set + Access Control System + 
• * Advanced Computer System [IBM] + 
• Anti Curl System + Asynchronous Communication Server 
• ACSS Audio Cascading Style Sheets 
• ACTLU Active Logical Unit 
• ACTPU Active Physical Unit 
• ACTS Automated Computer Time Service 
• ACTT Advanced Communication and Timekeeping Technology [Seiko] 
• ACU Automatic Calling Unit 
• ACVC Ada Compiler Validation Capacity 
• A/D Analog to Digital 
• ADA Automatic Data Acquisitions + 
• (Programming Language named after Augusta Ada Lovelace) 
• ADB Apple Desktop Bus 
• ADC Adaptive Data Compression (protocol) [Hayes] + 
• Add with Carry + Analog to Digital Converter 
• ADCCP Advanced Data Communication Control Procedures/Protocol 
• ADD Automatic Document Detection [WordPerfect] 
• ADF Automatic Document Feeder + 
• Automatically Defined Function 
• .ADF Adapter Description File (file name extension) 
• ADI AutoCad/AutoDesk Device Interface (driver) 
• ADL Address Data Latch 
• ADLAT Adaptive Lattice Filter 
• ADLC Adaptive Lossless Data Compression [IBM] + 
• Asynchronous Data Link Control 
• ADMACS Apple Document Management And Conrol System 
• ADMD Administrative Management Domain [X.400] 
• ADO ActiveX Data Objects 
• ADP AOLserver Dynamic Pages + Automatic Data Processing 
• ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation 
• ADR Address 
• ADS Application Development Solutions [AT&T] + 
• Application Development System + 
• Automatic Distribution System 
• ADSC Address Status Changed + 
• Adobe Document Structuring Conventions 
• ADSI Active Directory Service Interface [Microsoft] + 
• Analog Display Services Interface 
• ADSL (See DSL) 
• ADSP AppleTalk Datastream Protocol 
• ADSR Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release 
• ADT Abstract Data Type + Application Data Types 
• ADU Automatic Dialing Unit 
• AE Above or Equal 
• AEB Analog Expansion Bus [Dialogic] 
• AEC Architecture, Engineering, Construction 
• AEM Asynchronous Event Mechanism 
• .AERO Aviation Industry (Domain Name) [Internet] 
• AES Advanced Encryption Standard 
• AESA ATM End System Address 
• AF Auxiliary carry Flag 
• AFA Accelerated File Access 
• AFC Antiferro-Magnetically Coupled (media) [IBM] + 
• Automatic Font Change + Automatic Frequency Control 
• AFD Automatic File Distribution 
• AFDW Active Framework for Data Warehousing [Microsoft] 
• AFI Authority and Format Identifier 
• AFII Association for Font Information Interchange 
• AFIRM Automated Fingerprint Image Reporting and Match 
• AFIS Automated Fingerprint Identification System 
• .AFM Adobe Font Metrics (file name extension) [Adobe Systems] 
• AFP Advanced Function Presentation [IBM] + 
• Advanced Function Printing + 
• Appletalk Filing Protocol [Macintosh] 
• AFS Andrew File System (protocols) 
• AFTP Advanced/Anonymous File Transfer Protocol 
• AGA Advanced Graphics Adapter 
• AGC Automatic Gain Control 
• AGP Accelerated/Advanced Graphics Port 
• AGRAS Antiglare-Antireflective-Antistatic 
• AGU Address-Generation Unit 
• AH Authentication Header (protocol) 
• AHS Automated Highway Systems 
• AI Analog Input + Artificial Intelligence 
• AIA Applications Integration Architecture [DEC] 
• AIC AIXwindows Interface Composer [IBM] 
• AIFF Audio Interchange File Format 
• AIIM Association for Information and Image Management 
• AIM AOL Instant Messenger 
• AIN Advanced Intelligent Network [Bell Atlantic] 
• AIP Application Infrastruture Provider 
• AIR Architecture Implementation Review 
• AIS Automated Identification System [NCIC] + 
• Automated Information Systems 
• AISB Association of Imaging Service Bureaus 
• AISP Association of Information Systems Professionals 
• AIT Advanced Intelligent Tape (drive) [Sony] 
• AIX Advanced Interactive Executive [IBM] 
• ALAT Advanced Load Address Table 
• ALC Arithmetic and Logic Circuits + 
• Automatic Level Control 
• ALE Address Latch Enable + 
• Application Linking and Embedding 
• ALGOL Algorithmic Oriented Language (see IAL) 
• ALIBI Adaptive Location of Internetworked Bases 
• of Information 
• ALICE Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity 
• ALINK Active Link [HTML] 
• ALIWEB Archie Like Indexing in the Web [Internet] 
• ALN Asynchronous Learning Network 
• ALP Automatic Language Processing 
• ALR Advanced Logic Research, Inc. 
• ALT Alternate (mode) 
• ALT. Alternate lifestyle [USENET Newsgroup Category] 
• ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit 
• AMA Automatic Message Accounting 
• AMANDDA Automated Messaging and Directory Assistance 
• AMASS Archival Management and Storage System 
• AMD Active Matrix Display + Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. 
• AMI Alternate Mark Inversion + American Megatrends, Inc. + 
• Application Messaging Interface 
• AMMA Advanced Memory Management Architecture 
• [Everex Systems] 
• AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service 
• AMR Audio Modem Riser 
• ANCOVA Analysis of Covariance 
• ANDF Architecture-Neutral Distribution Format 
• ANI Automatic Number Identification 
• .ANI Animated Cursor (file name extension) [Microsoft] 
• ANN Artificial Neural Network 
• .ANN Annotations (file name extension) [IBM] 
• ANOVA Analysis Of Variance 
• ANSI American National Standards Institute 
• ANX Automotive Network Exchange [Chrysler/Ford/General Motors] 
• AO Analog Output 
• AOCE Apple Open Collaboration Environment 
• AO/DI Always On/Dynamic ISDN 
• AOE Application Operating Environment [AT&T] 
• AOL America Online 
• AOS Add Or Subtract 
• AP Adjunct Processor + Application Processor 
• A/P Accounts Payable 
• APA Adaptive Packet Assembly + All Points Addressable + Arithmetic Processing Accelerator 
• APAR Authorized Program Analysis Report [IBM] 
• APAREN Address Parity Enable [IBM] 
• APCUG Association of PC User Groups 
• APDU Application Protocol Data Units 
• API Application Program Interface 
• APIC Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (bus) [Intel] 
• APIS Advanced Passenger Information System 
• APL * A Programming Language (Mathematics) 
• APM Advanced Power Management [IBM] 
• APNIC Asia-Pacific Network Information Center [Internet] 
• APOP Authenticated Post Office Protocol 
• .APP Application (file name extension) [R:Base] 
• APPC Advanced Program-to-Program Communications [IBM] 
• APPI Advanced Peer-to-Peer Internetworking 
• APPLETS Applications 
• APPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking [IBM] 
• APPS Applications 
• APR Annual Percentage Rate 
• APRP Adaptive Pattern Recognition Processing 
• APS Advanced Photo System + Advanced Printing Service [IBM] Asynchronous Protocol Specification 
• APSE ADA Programming Support Environment 
• APT Address Pass Through + Advanced Parallel Technology + Automatically Programmed Tools 
• A/R Accounts Receivable 
• ARA AppleTalk Remote Access 
• ARAG Antireflective-Antiglare 
• ARAS Antireflective-Antistatic 
• .ARC Archive (file name extension) 
• ARCA Advanced RISC Computing Architecture 
• ARCnet Attached Resource Computer Network 
• .ARJ Compressed File (file name extension) [Jung] 
• ARL Adjusted Ring Length 
• ARLL Advanced Run Length Limited 
• ARM Advanced RISC Machine (processor) + Annotated Reference Manual + Asynchronous Response Mode 
• ARMA Association of Records Managers and Administrators 
• ARP Address Resolution Protocol [Novell] 
• ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network 
• ARPL Adjust Requested Privilege Level 
• ARS Activity Reporting System [Unisys] 
• ART Adaptive Resonance Theory (algorithm) 
• ARTA Apple Real Time Architecture 
• ARTIC A Real-Time Interface Coprocessor [IBM] 
• ARTS Asynchronous Remote Takeover Server 
• .ARTS Cultural Groups (Domain Name) [Internet] 
• ARTT Asynchronous Remote Takeover Terminal 
• ARQ Automatic Repeat Request 
• ARU Audio Response Unit 
• AS Autonomous System [Internet] 
• ASAI Adjunct Switch
• DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 
• QoS: Quality Of Service 
• UADSL: Universal Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 
• JDBC: Java DataBase Connectivity 
• UDDI: Universal Description, Discovery and Integration 
• ODBC: Open DataBase Connectivity 
• VGA: Video Graphics Adapter 
• AGP: Accelerated Graphics Port 
• PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect 
• VESA: Video Electronic Standard s Association 
• Vfs: Virtual File System 
• NFS: Network File System 
• VFAT: Virtual File Allocation Table 
• Voip: Voice Over Internet Protocol 
• VRML: Virtual Reality Markup Language 
• NAT: Network Address Translator 
• NIC: Network Interface Card 
• THANK U!!!!

technical abbrevations!